Silicon le oksijene ke dielemente tse pedi tse ajoang haholo karolong e ka hodimo ya Lefatshe. Ntle le ho etsa SiO2, di boetse di kopana ho etsa diminerale tse ngata tsa silicate tse fumanwang karolong e ka hodimo ya lefatshe. Ho na le diminerale tse fetang 800 tse tsejwang tsa silicate, tse etsang hoo e ka bang karolo ya boraro ya mefuta yohle ya diminerale tse tsejwang. Ha di kopane, di etsa hoo e ka bang 85% ya karolo e ka hodimo ya Lefatshe le lithosphere ka boima. Diminerale tsena ha se feela dikarolo tsa mantlha tsa majwe a igneous, sedimentary, le metamorphic empa hape di sebetsa e le mehlodi ya diminerale tse ngata tsa tshepe tse seng tsa tshepe le tse sa tlwaelehang. Mehlala e kenyeletsa quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, le muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Matlotlo a 'Mele: Feldspar ke diminerale tse ajoang haholo Lefatšeng. Feldspar e nang le potassium e ngata e bitsoa potassium feldspar. Orthoclase, microcline, le albite ke mehlala ea diminerale tsa potassium feldspar. Feldspar e na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale 'me e hanela li-acid, hangata e thata ho bola. Bothata bo tloha ho 5.5 ho isa ho 6.5, bongata bo tloha ho 2.55 ho isa ho 2.75, le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ho tloha ho 1185 ho isa ho 1490°C. Hangata e hlaha ka quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, le bongata bo bonyenyane ba magnetite, ilmenite, le tantalite.
◆Tšebeliso: E sebelisoa ho qhibilihiseng khalase, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa ceramic, li-glaze tsa ceramic, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa enamel, manyolo a potassium, le joaloka majoe a khabisitsoeng le mahakoe a bohlokoa bo fokolang.
◆Mekhoa ea Khetho: Ho khetha ka letsoho, karohano ea makenete, ho phaphamala.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: E fumaneha mafikeng a gneiss kapa a gneissic metamorphic; methapo e meng e hlaha 'meleng oa granite kapa oa mafika a mafic kapa libakeng tsa 'ona tsa ho kopana. Haholo-holo e shebane le li-pegmatitic feldspar massifs kapa li-pegmatites tse arohaneng tsa feldspar tse le 'ngoe.
2. Kaolinite
◆Matlotlo a 'Mele: Kaolinite e hloekileng e tšoeu empa hangata e na le 'mala o bobebe o mofubelu, o mosehla, o moputsoa, o motala, kapa o moputsoa ka lebaka la litšila. E na le boima ba 2.61 ho isa ho 2.68 le boima bo tlohang ho 2 ho isa ho 3. Kaolinite e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea li-ceramic tse sebelisoang letsatsi le letsatsi le tsa indasteri, thepa e hanyetsang, ho etsa pampiri, kaho, ho roala, rabara, polasetiki, masela, le e le setlatsetso kapa 'mala o mosoeu.
◆Tšebeliso: E sebelisoa tlhahisong ea li-ceramic tse sebelisoang letsatsi le letsatsi le tsa indasteri, thepa e hanyetsang, ho etsa pampiri, kaho, ho koahela, rabara, polasetiki, masela, le e le setlatsetso kapa 'mala o mosoeu.
◆Mekhoa ea Khetho: Karohano ea makenete e omileng le e metsi, karohano ea matla a khoheli, calcination, ho soeufala ha lik'hemik'hale.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: Haholo-holo e entsoe ka mafika a igneous le metamorphic a ruileng ka silica-alumina, a fetoloang ke weathering kapa sebaka sa hydrothermal se nang le mocheso o tlase.
3. Mika
◆Litšobotsi tsa 'Mele: Mica hangata e tšoeu, e na le mebala e mosehla o bobebe, botala bo bobebe, kapa bohlooho bo bobebe. E na le khanya e kang khalase, e kang perela holim'a mapetso, 'me e tenyetseha empa e se na masela a masesaane. Bothata bo tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 2 'me boima ba eona bo tloha ho 2.65 ho isa ho 2.90. Mica e fumana tšebeliso ea eona linthong tse hanyetsang, liseramike, porcelain ea motlakase, lintho tse chesitsoeng ka mollo, fiberglass, rabara, ho etsa pampiri, mebala, meriana, litlolo, polasetiki, le e le thepa e thusang bakeng sa ho betla bonono bo botle.
◆Tšebeliso: E sebelisoa linthong tse hanyetsang, liseramike, porcelain ea motlakase, lintho tse chesitsoeng ka mollo, fiberglass, rabara, ho etsa pampiri, mebala, meriana, litlolo, polasetiki, le e le thepa e thusang bakeng sa ho betla litšoantšo tse ntle.
◆Mekhoa ea Khetho: Ho khetha ka letsoho, karohano ea motlakase, karohano ea makenete.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: Haholo-holo e hlahisoa ke phetoho ea metsi a chesang ea mafika le li-tuff tse nang le asiti tse mahareng, tse fumanoang hape ho li-schist tse nang le kristale tse ngata tse nang le aluminium le methapong e meng ea quartz ea hydrothermal e nang le mocheso o tlase.
4. Talc
◆Litšobotsi tsa 'Mele: Talc e hloekileng ha e na 'mala empa hangata e hlaha e le mosehla, e tala, e sootho, kapa e pinki ka lebaka la litšila. E na le khanya e kang khalase le boima ba 1 sekaleng sa Mohs. Talc e sebelisoa haholo e le tlatsetso indastering ea ho etsa pampiri le rabara le e le moemeli oa ho soeufatsa indastering ea masela. E boetse e na le ts'ebeliso ho li-ceramic, pente, liphahlo, polasetiki le litlolo.
◆Tšebeliso: E sebelisoa e le setlatsetsi indastering ea ho etsa pampiri le rabara, e le sesebelisoa sa ho soeufatsa indastering ea masela, le ho li-ceramic, lipente, lipente, polasetiki le litlolo.
◆Mekhoa ea Khetho: Ho khetha ka letsoho, karohano ea motlakase, karohano ea makenete, ho hlopha ka optical, flotation, ho hlatswa.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: Haholo-holo e thehiloe ke phetoho ea hydrothermal le metamorphism, hangata e amahanngoa le magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, le talc schist.
5. Moscovite
◆Matlotlo a 'Mele: Muscovite ke mofuta oa minerale ea mica, e atisang ho hlaha ka bosweu, bohlooho, bosehla, botala, kapa bo sootho. E na le khanya e kang khalase e nang le ponahalo e kang ea perela holim'a mapetso. Muscovite e sebelisetsoa lintho tse timang mollo, lithupa tsa ho tjheseletsa, polasetiki, ho kenya mocheso oa motlakase, ho etsa pampiri, pampiri ea asphalt, rabara, mebala ea perela, polasetiki, lipente le rabara e le lintho tse tlatsang tse sebetsang.
◆Tšebeliso: E sebelisoa e le lintho tse timang mollo, lithupa tsa ho tjheseletsa, polasetiki, ho kenya mocheso ka motlakase, ho etsa pampiri, pampiri ea asphalt, rabara, mebala ea liperela, polasetiki, lipente le rabara e le lintho tse tlatsang tse sebetsang.
◆Mekhoa ea Khetho: Ho phaphamala, ho khetha moea, ho khetha ka letsoho, ho petsoha, ho khetha khohlano, ho sila hantle, ho sila ka mokhoa o motle haholo, ho fetola bokaholimo.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: Haholo-holo ke sehlahisoa sa ketso ea magmatic le ketso ea pegmatitic, hangata e fumanoang ho li-pegmatite tsa granite le mica schists, tse atisang ho amahanngoa le quartz, feldspar, le liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa mahlaseli a kotsi.
Ho tswela pele ka phetolelo:
6. Sodalite
Sodalite ke sistimi ea kristale ea triclinic, hangata e batalalitsoe ka likristale tse sephara tse nang le mela e bapileng holim'a kristale. E na le khanya ea vitreous, 'me ho robeha ho bontša khanya e kang khalase ho isa ho ea perela. Mebala e fapana ho tloha ho leseli ho ea ho boputsoa bo lefifi, botala, bosehla, bohlooho, bosootho, bo se nang 'mala, kapa bosoeu bo benyang. Bothata bo tloha ho 5.5 ho isa ho 7.0, ka matla a khoheli a itseng a 3.53 ho isa ho 3.65. Liminerale tse ka sehloohong ke sodalite le boholo bo bonyenyane ba silica, ka liminerale tse ling tse kang quartz, mica e ntšo, mica ea khauta le chlorite.
Sodalite ke sehlahisoa sa phetoho ea libaka se fumanoang ho li-schists le li-gneisses tse kristale. Bahlahisi ba tummeng lefatšeng ka bophara ba kenyelletsa Switzerland, Austria le linaha tse ling. Ha e futhumatsoa ho fihlela ho 1300°C, sodalite e fetoha mullite, thepa e hanyetsang ea boemo bo holimo e sebelisoang tlhahisong ea li-spark plug, li-nozzle tsa oli, le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa letsopa tse hanyetsang mocheso o phahameng. Aluminium e ka boela ea ntšoa. Likristale tse bonaletsang tsa mebala e metle li ka sebelisoa e le mahakoe, 'me boputsoa bo tebileng ke bona bo ratoang ka ho fetisisa. North Carolina United States e hlahisa sodalite ea boleng bo holimo bo boputsoa bo tebileng le botala.
7.Garnet
◆Thepa ea 'mele
Hangata e sootho, e tshehla, e kgubedu, e tala, jj.; e bonaletsa ho isa ho e bonaletsang; e benyang ka vitreous, e robehileng ka benya e nang le resin; ha e kgaohane; boima 5.6 ~ 7.5; boima 3.5 ~ 4.2.
◆Likopo
Bothata bo boholo ba Garnet bo etsa hore e lokele thepa e kgopameng; dikristale tse kgolo tse nang le mmala o motle le ponahalo e pepeneneng di ka sebediswa e le thepa e tala ya majwe a bohlokwa.
◆Mekhoa ea karohano
Ho hlopha ka letsoho, karohano ea makenete.
◆Genese le ketsahalo
Garnet e ajoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa jeoloji, e etsa mefuta e fapaneng ea garnet ka lebaka la lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa jeoloji; letoto la garnet la calcium-aluminium le hlahisoa haholo-holo mafikeng a hydrothermal, alkaline, le li-pegmatite tse ling; letoto la garnet la magnesium-aluminium le hlahisoa haholo-holo mafikeng a igneous le mafikeng a metamorphic a libaka, li-gneisses le mafikeng a seretse se chesang.
8.Biotite
◆Thepa ea 'mele
Biotite e fumaneha haholo-holo mafikeng a metamorphic le mafikeng a mang a kang granite. 'Mala oa biotite o fapana ho tloha ho o motšo ho ea ho o sootho, o mofubelu, kapa o motala. E na le khanya ea vitreous, likristale tse tenyetsehang, e thata ho feta lenala, e bonolo ho e tabola likotoana, 'me e bōpehile joaloka poleiti kapa e na le likholomo.
◆Likopo
E sebelisoa haholo-holo lisebelisoa tsa kaho tšireletso ea mollo, ho etsa pampiri, pampiri ea asphalt, polasetiki, rabara, lintho tse timang mollo, lithupa tsa ho tjheseletsa, mabenyane, mebala ea liperela le liindasteri tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, biotite e boetse e sebelisoa haholo ho penteng ea mekhabiso e kang pente ea 'nete ea majoe.
◆Mekhoa ea karohano
Ho phaphamala, ho kgetha moya, ho kgetha ka letsoho, ho ebola, ho kgetha kgohlano, ho sila hantle, ho sila ho sa hlakang haholo, ho fetola bokahodimo.
9.Moscovite
◆Thepa ea 'mele
Muscovite ke mofuta oa diminerale tsa mica sehlopheng sa mica e tšoeu, silicate ea aluminium, tšepe le potasiamo. Muscovite e na le muscovite e 'mala o lefifi (mebala e fapaneng ea sootho kapa e tala, jj.) le muscovite e 'mala o bobebe (mebala e fapaneng ea bosehla bo bobebe). Muscovite e 'mala o bobebe e bonaletsa 'me e na le khanya ea vitreous; muscovite e 'mala o lefifi e bonaletsa hanyane. Khanya ea vitreous ho isa ho submetallic, bokaholimo ba lekhalo bo nang le khanya ea perela. Maqephe a masesaane aa tenyetseha, boima ba 2 ~ 3, matla a khoheli a itseng 2.70 ~ 2.85, ha a tsamaise.
◆Likopo
E sebelisoa haholo indastering ea thepa ea kaho, indastering ea ho tima mollo, lisebelisoa tsa ho tima mollo, lithupa tsa ho tjheseletsa, polasetiki, ho kenya mocheso oa motlakase, ho etsa pampiri, pampiri ea asphalt, rabara, mebala ea liperela le liindasteri tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale. Phofo ea mica e ntle haholo e sebelisoa e le tlatsetso e sebetsang bakeng sa polasetiki, lipente, lipente, rabara, jj., ho ntlafatsa matla a mechini, ho ntlafatsa ho tiea, ho khomarela, ho thibela botsofali le ho hanyetsa ho bola.
Liindastering, e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho thibela mocheso le ho hanyetsa mocheso, hammoho le ho hanyetsa li-acid, alkali, khatello le thepa ea ho petsoha, e sebelisoang e le thepa ea ho thibela mocheso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase; ea bobeli e sebelisoa ho hlahiseng liboiler tsa mouoane, lifensetere tsa onto ea onto ea ho qhibilihisa le likarolo tsa mechini.
◆Mekhoa ea karohano
Ho phaphamala, ho kgetha moya, ho kgetha ka letsoho, ho ebola, ho kgetha kgohlano, ho sila hantle, ho sila ho sa hlakang haholo, ho fetola bokahodimo.
10.Mohloaare
◆Thepa ea 'mele
Botala ba mohlwaare, bo mosehla bo botala, bohlooho bo bobebe bo botala, bo botala bo botsho. Ho benya ha vitreous, ho robeha ho tloaelehileng ho bōpehileng joaloka khetla; boima 6.5 ~ 7.0, boima 3.27 ~ 4.37.
◆Likopo
E sebelisoa e le thepa e tala bakeng sa metsoako ea magnesium le phosphates, e sebelisoang tlhahisong ea manyolo a calcium-magnesium phosphate; olivine e nang le magnesium e ngata e ka sebelisoa e le thepa e hanyetsang; olivine e bonaletsang, e nang le lithollo tse mahoashe e ka sebelisoa e le thepa e tala ea majoe a bohlokoa.
◆Mekhoa ea karohano
Khetho e ncha, karohano ea makenete.
◆Genese le ketsahalo
Haholo-holo e thehiloe ke ketso ea magmatic, e hlahang mafikeng a ultrabasic le a motheo, a amanang le pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, liminerale tsa sehlopha sa platinum, jj.
Nako ea poso: Phupu-31-2024