Silicon le oksijene ke lintho tse peli tse ajoang ka ho fetisisa karolong e ka holimo ea Lefatše.Ntle le ho theha SiO2, li boetse li kopana ho etsa liminerale tse ngata haholo tsa silicate tse fumanoang karolong e ka holimo.Ho na le liminerale tse fetang 800 tse tsejoang tsa silicate, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea mefuta eohle e tsebahalang ea liminerale.Hammoho, li etsa hoo e ka bang 85% ea bokaholimo ba Lefatše le lithosphere ka boima ba tsona.Liminerale tsena ha se feela likarolo tsa mantlha tsa mafika a igneous, sedimentary, le metamorphic empa hape li sebetsa e le mehloli ea ores e mengata ea tšepe le e sa tloaelehang ea tšepe.Mehlala e kenyelletsa quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, le muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Thepa ea 'Mele: Feldspar ke liminerale tse ajoang haholo Lefatšeng.Feldspar e nang le potasiamo e ngata e bitsoa potassium feldspar.Orthoclase, microcline, le albite ke mehlala ea liminerale tsa potassium feldspar.Feldspar e bontša botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale 'me e hanyetsana le li-acids, ka kakaretso ho thata ho senya.Ho thata ho tloha ho 5.5 ho isa ho 6.5, boima bo tloha ho 2.55 ho isa ho 2.75, 'me ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ho tloha 1185 ho ea ho 1490.°C. Hangata e hlaha ka quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, le lichelete tse nyenyane tsa magnetite, ilmenite, le tantalite.
◆Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa ha ho qhibiliha likhalase, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa ceramic, likhalase tsa ceramic, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa enamel, manyolo a potasiamo, hape e le majoe a khabisitsoeng le mahakoe a bohlokoa.
◆Mekhoa ea ho khetha: Ho khetha ka letsoho, karohano ea makenete, ho phaphamala.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: E fumanoa ka har'a li-gneisses kapa gneissic metamorphic rocks;methapo e meng e hlaha ka har'a 'mele oa mafika a granite kapa a mafic kapa libakeng tsa ona tsa ho kopana.Haholo-holo e tsepamisitsoe ho pegmatitic feldspar massifs kapa e arohaneng ea feldspar pegmatites e le 'ngoe.
2. Kaolinite
◆Lintho Tsa 'Mele: Kaolinite e hloekileng e tšoeu empa hangata e na le 'mala o mofubelu, o mosehla, o moputsoa, o motala, kapa o moputsoa ka lebaka la litšila.E na le boima ba 2.61 ho 2.68 le boima bo tlohang ho 2 ho ea ho 3. Kaolinite e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le liindasteri, lisebelisoa tsa refractory, ho etsa pampiri, ho haha, ho roala, rabara, polasetiki, masela, le ho tlatsa kapa ho tlatsa. mmala o mosoeu.
◆Lisebelisoa: E sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lirafshoa tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le liindasteri, lisebelisoa tsa refractory, ho etsa pampiri, ho haha, ho roala, rabara, lipolasetiki, masela, le ho tlatsa kapa ho etsa pigment e tšoeu.
◆Mekhoa ea ho khetha: Karohano e omileng le e metsi ea makenete, karohano ea matla a khoheli, calcination, bleaching ea lik'hemik'hale.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: E entsoe haholo ho tloha ho silika-alumina-rich igneous le metamorphic rocks, e fetotsoeng ke boemo ba leholimo kapa mocheso o tlase oa hydrothermal replacement.
3. Mikea
◆Lintho Tsa 'Mele: Hangata Mica o tšoeu, o na le mebala e mosehla o khanyang, o motala o khanyang kapa o moputsoa o khanyang.E na le ho benya ha khalase, joalo ka perela holim'a libaka tse petsohileng, le maqephe a masesaane a tenyetsehang empa a sa thekesele.Ho thata ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 2 le boima ba 'mele ho tloha 2.65 ho isa ho 2.90.Mica o fumana tšebeliso ea thepa ea refractory, ceramics, porcelain ea motlakase, crucibles, fiberglass, rabara, ho etsa pampiri, li-pigments, meriana, litlolo, lipolasetiki, hape e le lisebelisoa tse thusang bakeng sa ho betla litšoantšo tse ntle.
◆Litšebeliso: E sebelisoa ka thepa ea refractory, ceramics, porcelain ea motlakase, crucibles, fiberglass, rabara, ho etsa pampiri, li-pigments, meriana, litlolo, lipolasetiki, hape e le lisebelisoa tse thusang bakeng sa ho betla litšoantšo tse ntle.
◆Mekhoa ea ho khetha: Ho khetha ka letsoho, karohano ea electrostatic, karohano ea makenete.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: E hlahisoa haholo ke hydrothermal alteration of intermediate acidic volcanic rocks and tuffs, e fumanoang hape ka aluminium-rich crystalline schists le methapo ea quartz e nang le mocheso o tlase oa hydrothermal.
4. Lethathamo
◆Thepa ea 'Mele: Talc e hloekileng ha e na 'mala empa hangata e bonahala e le mosehla, e tala, e sootho, kapa e pinki ka lebaka la litšila.E na le ho benya ha khalase le ho thatafala ha 1 sekaleng sa Mohs.Talc e sebelisoa haholo joalo ka mokhoa oa ho tlatsa liindasteri tsa ho etsa pampiri le rabara hape e le ntho e soeufatsang indastering ea masela.E boetse e sebelisoa linthong tse entsoeng ka letsopa, lipente, lintja, lipolasetiki le litlolo.
◆Litšebeliso: E sebelisoa e le setsi sa ho tlatsa liindasteri tsa ho etsa pampiri le rabara, e le ntho e soeufatsang indastering ea masela, le ka lirafshoa, lipente, lijalo, lipolasetiki le litlolo.
◆Mekhoa ea ho khetha: Ho khetha ka letsoho, karohano ea electrostatic, karohano ea makenete, ho hlopha ka mahlo, ho phaphamala, ho hohla.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: Haholo-holo e thehoa ke phetoho ea hydrothermal le metamorphism, hangata e amahanngoa le magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, le talc schist.
5. Muscovite
◆Thepa ea 'Mele: Muscovite ke mofuta oa liminerale tsa mica, tse atisang ho hlaha ka bosoeu, bohlooho, bo mosehla, bo botala, kapa bo sootho.E na le khanya ea khalase e nang le perela e kang perela holim'a cleavage.Muscovite e sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho tima mollo, lithupa tse cheselletsang, lipolasetiki, li-insulation tsa motlakase, ho etsa pampiri, pampiri ea asphalt, rabara, li-pigments tsa perela, lipolasetiki, lipente le rabara e le li-filler tse sebetsang.
◆Litšebeliso: E sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho tima mollo, lithupa tse cheselletsang, lipolasetiki, ho kenya motlakase, ho etsa pampiri, pampiri ea asphalt, rabara, lipente tsa perela, lipolasetiki, lipente le rabara e le lithapo tse sebetsang.
◆Mekhoa ea Khetho: Ho phaphamala, khetho ea moea, khetho ea matsoho, ho ebola, khetho ea likhohlano, ho sila hantle, ho sila ka mokhoa o hlakileng, ho fetola bokaholimo.
◆Genese le Ketsahalo: Haholo ke sehlahisoa sa ketso ea magmatic le pegmatitic action, hangata e fumanoang ho granite pegmatites le mica schists, hangata e amahanngoa le quartz, feldspar, le liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa radioactive.
E tsoela pele ho fetolela:
6. Sodalite
Sodalite ke sistimi ea kristale ea triclinic, hangata e batalatsoang likristale tsa cylindrical tse nang le mela e bapileng holim'a kristale.E na le vitreous luster, 'me ho robeha ha eona ho bontša ho benya ha khalase ho isa ho perela.Mebala e fapana ho tloha ho leseli ho ea ho boputsoa bo lefifi, botala, bosehla, bohlooho, bosootho, bo se nang 'mala, kapa bosoeu bo khanyang bo boputsoa.Ho thata ho tloha ho 5.5 ho isa ho 7.0, ka matla a khoheli a itseng a 3.53 ho isa ho 3.65.Liminerale tse ka sehloohong ke sodalite le litekanyetso tse nyane tsa silica, tse nang le liminerale tse fumanehang joalo ka quartz, mica e ntšo, mica ea khauta le chlorite.
Sodalite ke sehlahisoa sa lebatooa sa metamorphism se fumanehang ho crystalline schists le gneisses.Bahlahisi ba tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara ba kenyelletsa Switzerland, Austria le linaha tse ling.Ha mocheso o fihla ho 1300°C, sodalite e fetoha mullite, thepa ea boleng bo holimo e sebelisoang ho etsa li-spark plugs, li-nozzles tsa oli, le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa ceramic tse nang le mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso.Aluminium e ka boela ea ntšoa.Likristale tse pepeneneng tsa mebala e metle li ka sebelisoa e le mahakoe, 'me boputsoa bo tebileng ke bona bo ratoang ka ho fetisisa.North Carolina e United States e hlahisa sodalite ea boleng bo boputsoa bo botala le botala.
7.Garnet
◆Lintho tsa 'mele
Hangata e sootho, e mosehla, e khubelu, e tala, joalo-joalo;pepenene ho isa ho translucent;vitreous luster, fracture le resinous luster;ha ho na cleavage;boima ba 5,6 ~ 7,5;boima ba 3.5 ~ 4.2.
◆Lisebelisoa
Boima bo phahameng ba garnet bo etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa abrasive;likristale tse kholo tse nang le 'mala o motle le pepeneneng li ka sebelisoa e le thepa e tala ea lehakoe.
◆Mekhoa ea ho arohana
Ho hlopha ka letsoho, karohano ea makenete.
◆Genese le ketsahalo
Garnet e ajoa ka ho pharaletseng ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea jeoloji, e etsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea garnet ka lebaka la mekhoa e fapaneng ea jeoloji;calcium-aluminium garnet series e hlahisoa haholo-holo ka hydrothermal, majoe a alkaline, le li-pegmatites tse ling;magnesium-aluminium garnet series e hlahisoa haholo-holo ka majoe a chesang le majoe a libaka tsa metamorphic, li-gneisses le majoe a seretse se chesang.
8.Biotite
◆Lintho tsa 'mele
Biotite e fumaneha haholo mafikeng a metamorphic le mafika a mang joalo ka granite.'Mala oa biotite o tloha ho o motšo ho ea ho sootho, o mofubelu kapa o motala.E na le vitreous luster, elastic crystals, e thata ho feta lenala, ho bonolo ho taboha likotoana, 'me e bōpehile joaloka poleiti kapa columnar.
◆Lisebelisoa
Haholo-holo e sebelisoa ho thepa ea ho haha tšireletso ea mollo, ho etsa pampiri, pampiri ea asphalt, polasetiki, rabara, lisebelisoa tse timang mollo, lithupa tsa welding, mabenyane, li-pigment tsa perela le liindasteri tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, biotite e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo ka liaparo tse khabisitsoeng tse kang pente ea sebele ea majoe.
◆Mekhoa ea ho arohana
Ho phaphamala, khetho ea moea, khetho ea matsoho, ho ebola, khetho ea likhohlano, ho sila hantle, ho sila ka mokhoa o hlakileng, ho fetola bokaholimo.
9.Muscovite
◆Lintho tsa 'mele
Muscovite ke mofuta oa liminerale tsa mica sehlopheng sa mica e tšoeu, silicate ea aluminium, tšepe le potasiamo.Muscovite e na le muscovite ea 'mala o lefifi (meriti e fapaneng ea sootho kapa e tala, joalo-joalo) le muscovite e khanyang (meriti e fapaneng ea mosehla o mosehla).Muscovite e mebala e khanyang e pepenene ebile e na le vitreous luster;muscovite ea 'mala o lefifi e na le ponahalo e hlakileng.Vitreous to submetallic luster, cleavage surface with pearly luster.Lipampiri tse tšesaane li na le rekere, boima ba 2 ~ 3, matla a khoheli a khethehileng 2.70 ~ 2.85, ha a na conductive.
◆Lisebelisoa
E sebelisoa haholo indastering ea thepa ea mohaho, indasteri ea ho tima mollo, lisebelisoa tsa ho tima mollo, lithupa tsa welding, li-plastiki, ho kenya motlakase, ho etsa pampiri, pampiri ea asphalt, rabara, li-pigment tsa perela le liindasteri tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale.Ultrafine mica powder e sebelisoa e le setlolo se sebetsang bakeng sa lipolasetiki, lipente, lipente, rabara, joalo-joalo, ho ntlafatsa matla a mochini, ho matlafatsa ho tiea, ho khomarela, ho thibela botsofali le ho hanyetsa kutu.
Liindastering, e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho thibela mocheso le ho hanyetsa mocheso, hammoho le ho hanyetsa ha eona ho li-acids, alkalis, compression, le thepa ea ho ebola, e sebelisoang e le lisebelisoa tsa ho pata bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase;ea bobeli e sebelisoang ha ho etsoa li-boilers tsa mouoane, lifensetere tsa sebōpi sa ho qhibilihisa, le likarolo tsa mochini.
◆Mekhoa ea ho arohana
Ho phaphamala, khetho ea moea, khetho ea matsoho, ho ebola, khetho ea likhohlano, ho sila hantle, ho sila ka mokhoa o hlakileng, ho fetola bokaholimo.
10.Olivine
◆Lintho tsa 'mele
Botala ba mohloaare, botala bo mosehla, bohlooho-botala bo khanyang, botala-botšo.Vitreous luster, ho robeha ho tloaelehileng ho bōpehileng joaloka khetla;boima 6.5 ~ 7.0, segokanyipalo 3.27 ~ 4,37.
◆Lisebelisoa
E sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa metsoako ea magnesium le phosphates, e sebelisoang ho hlahisa menontsha ea calcium-magnesium phosphate;olivine e nang le magnesiamo e ngata e ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse hanyetsang;pepeneneng, olivine e mahoashe e ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tala tsa majoe.
◆Mekhoa ea ho arohana
Ho khethoa hape, karohano ea makenete.
◆Genese le ketsahalo
Haholo-holo e thehoa ke ketso ea magmatic, e hlahang majoeng a ultrabasic le a motheo, a amanang le pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, liminerale tsa sehlopha sa platinum, joalo-joalo.
Nako ea poso: Jul-31-2024