Sebopeho sa chromium
Chromium, letšoao la element Cr, nomoro ea athomo ea 24, boima ba athomo 51.996, ke karolo ea tšepe ea phetoho ea sehlopha sa VIB sa tafole ea nakoana ea likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale. Chromium tšepe ke 'mele-centered cubic kristale, silevera-tšoeu, segokanyipalo 7.1g/cm³, melting ntlha 1860 ℃, beling ntlha 2680 ℃, itseng mocheso bokgoni 25 ℃ 23.35J/(mol·K), mocheso oa vaporization 342.1kJ J. mol, conductivity ea mocheso 91.3 W / (m·K) (0-100 ° C), resistivity (20 ° C) 13.2uΩ·cm, e nang le thepa e ntle ea mochine.
Ho na le li-valence tse hlano tsa chromium: +2, +3, +4, +5 le +6. Tlas'a maemo a ketso ea tlhaho, chromium hangata ke +3 valence. Metsoako e nang le +trivalent chromium ke eona e tsitsitseng ka ho fetisisa. + Lik'hemik'hale tse tšeletseng tsa chromium, ho kenyelletsa le letsoai la chromium, li na le thepa e matla ea oxidizing. Radi ea ionic ea Cr3 +, AI3 + le Fe3 + li tšoana, kahoo li ka ba le mefuta e mengata ea ho tšoana. Ho feta moo, lintho tse ka nkeloang sebaka ke chromium ke manganese, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, zinki, joalo-joalo, kahoo chromium e ajoa haholo ka liminerale tsa silicate tsa tšepe le liminerale tse fumanehang.
Kopo
Chromium ke e 'ngoe ea litšepe tse sebelisoang haholo indastering ea sejoale-joale. E sebelisoa haholo-holo tlhahiso ea tšepe e sa hloekang le litšepe tse sa tšoaneng tsa alloy ka mokhoa oa ferroalloys (joaloka ferrochrome). Chromium e na le litšoaneleho tsa ho thatafala, e sa senyeheng, e thibang mocheso le e sa jeng. Chrome ore e sebelisoa haholo ho metallurgy, thepa ea refractory, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale le indastering ea lihlahisoa.
Indastering ea metallurgical, chromium ore e sebelisoa haholo ho qhibilihisa ferrochrome le metallic chromium. Chromium e sebelisoa e le motsoako oa tšepe ho hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea matla a holimo, a sa bolaeeng ke kutu, a sa senyeheng, a mocheso o phahameng, le litšepe tse khethehileng tse thibelang oxidation, joalo ka tšepe e sa jeleng paate, tšepe e hananang le asiti, tšepe e sa cheseheng mocheso. bolo e nang le tšepe, tšepe ea selemo, tšepe ea sesebelisoa, joalo-joalo Chromium e ka ntlafatsa thepa ea mochini le ho roala khanyetso ea tšepe. Metal chromium e sebelisoa haholo ho qhibilihisa li-alloys tse khethehileng tse nang le cobalt, nickel, tungsten le likarolo tse ling. Chrome plating le chromizing li ka etsa tšepe, koporo, aluminium le litšepe tse ling ho theha bokaholimo bo hananang le kutu, bo khanyang le bo botle.
Ka indasteri ea refractory, chromium ore ke thepa ea bohlokoa ea ho hanyetsa e sebelisetsoang ho etsa litene tsa chrome, litene tsa magnesia tsa chrome, li-refractories tse tsoetseng pele le lisebelisoa tse ling tse khethehileng tsa refractory (chrome concrete). Li-refractories tse thehiloeng ho Chromium haholo-holo li kenyelletsa litene tse nang le chrome ore le magnesia, sintered magnesia-chrome clinker, litene tse qhibilihisitsoeng tsa magnesia-chrome, tse entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa, fatše hamonate ebe li tlamahanngoa ka litene tsa magnesia-chrome. Li sebelisoa haholo libonong tse bulehileng tsa leifo, libono tsa induction, joalo-joalo Metallurgical converter le rotary sebōpi lesela la indasteri ea samente, joalo-joalo.
Indastering ea ho theha, ore ea chromium e ke ke ea sebelisana le lintho tse ling ka tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tšela, e na le coefficient e tlase ea ho eketsa mocheso, e hanana le ho kenella ha tšepe, 'me e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho bata ho feta zircon. Ore ea Chrome bakeng sa Foundry e na le litlhoko tse tiileng mabapi le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le kabo ea boholo ba likaroloana.
Indastering ea lik'hemik'hale, tšebeliso e tobileng ka ho fetisisa ea chromium ke ho hlahisa tharollo ea sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7·H2O), ebe ho lokisa metsoako e meng ea chromium bakeng sa ho sebelisoa liindasteri tse kang li-pigments, masela, electroplating le ho etsa letlalo, hammoho le li-catalysts. .
Phofo e entsoeng hantle ea chromium ore ke ntho ea tlhaho ea ho etsa mebala ha ho etsoa likhalase, lirafshoa le lithaele tse bentšitsoeng. Ha sodium dichromate e sebelisoa ho senya letlalo, protheine (collagen) le lik'habohaedreite tse letlalong la pele li itšoara ka lik'hemik'hale ho etsa motsoako o tsitsitseng, o fetohang motheo oa lihlahisoa tsa letlalo. Indasteri ea masela, sodium dichromate e sebelisoa e le mordant ho daea lesela, e ka khonang ho kopanya limolek'hule tsa dae ho metsoako ea lintho tse phelang; e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le oxidant ha ho etsoa dae le li-intermediate.
Chromium mineral
Ho na le mefuta e fetang 50 ea liminerale tse nang le chromium tse fumanoeng tlhahong, empa boholo ba tsona li na le litaba tse tlase tsa chromium le kabo e hasaneng, e nang le boleng bo tlase ba ts'ebeliso ea indasteri. Liminerale tsena tse nang le chromium ke tsa oxides, chromates le silicates, ho phaella ho hydroxides tse seng kae, iodates, nitrides le sulfide. Har'a tsona, liminerale tsa chromium nitride le chromium sulfide li fumaneha feela meteorites.
Joaloka mofuta oa liminerale ka har'a chromium ore subfamily, chromite ke eona feela liminerale tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri tsa chromium. Theoretical chemical formula ke (MgFe)Cr2O4, moo litaba tsa Cr2O3 li etsang 68%, 'me FeO e etsa 32%. Ka sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale, trivalent cation ke haholo-holo Cr3 +, 'me hangata ho na le Al3+, Fe3+ le Mg2+, Fe2+ isomorphic substitutes. Ka chromite ea sebele e hlahisoang, karolo ea Fe2+ e atisa ho nkeloa sebaka ke Mg2 +, 'me Cr3 + e nkeloa sebaka ke Al3+ le Fe3+ ho ea ho maemo a sa tšoaneng. Tekanyo e felletseng ea sebaka sa isomorphic har'a likarolo tse fapaneng tsa chromite ha e lumellane. Li-coordination cations tse 'nè haholo-holo ke magnesium le tšepe, le sebaka se feletseng sa isomorphic pakeng tsa magnesium-iron. Ho ea ka mokhoa oa likarolo tse 'nè, chromite e ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse' nè: magnesium chromite, iron-magnesium chromite, mafic-iron chromite le iron-chromite. Ho feta moo, hangata chromite e na le palo e nyane ea manganese, Motsoako o ts'oanang oa titanium, vanadium le zinki. Sebopeho sa chromite ke sa mofuta o tloaelehileng oa spinel.
4. Maemo a boleng ba chromium concentrate
Ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso (mineralization le ore ea tlhaho), ore ea chromium bakeng sa metallurgy e arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: concentrate (G) le lump ore (K). Sheba tafole e ka tlase.
Litlhoko tsa boleng ba ore ea chromite bakeng sa metallurgy
Theknoloji ea molemo oa Chrome ore
1) Ho khethoa hape
Hajoale, karohano ea matla a khoheli e nka boemo ba bohlokoa molemong oa ho thusa ore ea chromium. Mokhoa oa karohano ea matla a khoheli, o sebelisang lesela le hlephileng sebakeng se nang le metsi e le mokhoa oa mantlha, e ntse e le mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho matlafatsa chromium ore lefatšeng ka bophara. Thepa ea karohano ea matla a khoheli ke spiral chute le centrifugal concentrator, 'me boholo ba likaroloana tsa ho sebetsa bo batla bo batsi. Ka kakaretso, phapang ea boima lipakeng tsa liminerale tsa chromium le liminerale tsa gangue e kholo ho feta 0.8g/cm3, mme karohano ea matla a khoheli ea boholo ba karolo efe kapa efe e kholo ho feta 100um e ka khotsofatsa. sephetho sa. Maqhutsu a mahoashe (100 ~ 0.5mm) ore e hlophisoa kapa e khethiloe esale pele ka melemo e boima-bohareng, e leng mokhoa oa ho rua molemo haholo.
2) karohano ea Magnetic
Karohano ea Magnetic ke mokhoa oa ho rua molemo o hlokomelang karohano ea liminerale sebakeng se sa ts'oanang sa makenete ho ipapisitse le phapang ea makenete ea liminerale ka har'a tšepe. Chromite e na le matla a khoheli a fokolang 'me e ka aroloa ke li-separator tse otlolohileng tse phahameng tsa matla a khoheli, li-separator tsa poleiti e metsi le lisebelisoa tse ling. Li-coefficients tse ikhethileng tsa matla a khoheli tsa liminerale tsa chromium tse hlahisoang libakeng tse fapaneng tse hlahisang chromium lefatšeng ha li fapane haholo, 'me li ts'oana le li-coefficients tse ikhethileng tsa khoheli tsa wolframite le wolframite tse hlahisoang libakeng tse fapaneng.
Ho na le maemo a mabeli a ho sebelisa karohano ea makenete ho fumana chromium concentrate ea boemo bo holimo: e 'ngoe ke ho tlosa liminerale tse matla tsa makenete (haholo-holo magnetite) ka har'a matla a khoheli a fokolang ho eketsa karo-karolelano ea ferrochrome, e ngoe ke ho sebelisa matla a khoheli a matla. Karohano ea liminerale tsa gangue le ho hlaphoheloa ha chromium ore (liminerale tse fokolang tsa makenete).
3) Khetho ea motlakase
Karohano ea motlakase ke mokhoa oa ho arola chromium ore le silicate gangue minerals ka ho sebelisa thepa ea motlakase ea liminerale, joalo ka phapang ea conductivity le dielectric constant.
4) Ho phaphamala
Ts'ebetsong ea karohano ea matla a khoheli, ore ea chromite e nang le grained (-100um) hangata e lahloa joalo ka mehatla, empa chromite ea boholo bona e ntse e na le boleng bo phahameng ba tšebeliso, kahoo mokhoa oa ho phaphamala o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ore ea Granular chromite e tlase. e hlaphohetsoe. Ho phaphamala ha ore ea chromium e nang le 20% ~ 40% Cr2O3 ka mehatla le liminerale tsa noha, olivine, rutile le calcium magnesium carbonate joalo ka liminerale tsa gangue. Ore e siiloe hantle ho fihla ho 200μm, khalase ea metsi, phosphate, metaphosphate, fluorosilicate, joalo-joalo e sebelisetsoa ho qhalakanya le ho thibela seretse, 'me unsaturated fatty acid e sebelisoa e le pokello. Ho hasana le ho hatelloa ha seretse sa gangue ho bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea ho phaphamala. Li-ion tsa tšepe tse kang tšepe le loto li ka etsa hore chromite e sebetse. Ha boleng ba pH ba slurry bo le ka tlase ho 6, chromite ha e na ho phaphamala. Ka bokhutšoanyane, tšebeliso ea reagent ea flotation e kholo, tekanyo ea ho tsepamisa mohopolo ha e tsitsa, 'me sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa se tlaase. Ca2+ le Mg2+ e qhibilihisitsoeng ho tloha liminerale tsa gangue li fokotsa khetho ea mokhoa oa ho phaphamala.
5) Molemo oa lik'hemik'hale
Mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale ke ho phekola ka kotloloho ore e itseng ea chromite e ke keng ea aroloa ka mokhoa oa 'mele kapa litšenyehelo tsa mokhoa oa' mele li batla li le holimo. Karo-karolelano ea Cr/Fe ea concentrate e hlahisoang ke mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale e phahame ho feta ea mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa 'mele. Mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale e kenyelletsa: ho khetha, ho fokotsa oxidation, karohano ea ho qhibiliha, sulfuric acid le chromic acid leaching, ho fokotsa le sulfuric acid leaching, joalo-joalo. Motsoako oa mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale tsa 'mele le phekolo e tobileng ea chromium ore ka mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale ke e' ngoe ea mekhoa e ka sehloohong. mekhoa ea ho rua molemo ka chromite kajeno. Mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale e ka ntša chromium ka ho toba ore 'me ea hlahisa chromium carbide le chromium oxide.
Nako ea poso: Apr-30-2021