Huate Magnet Technology Company le RWTH Aachen University ea Jeremane ka kopanelo ba hahile Sino-German Key Laboratory ea Magneto le Intelligent Beneficiation Technology Research and Development, e ntlo-kholo ea Huate Magnet Technology Company, laboratori e hahiloe ho latela litekanyetso tsa laboratori ea naha, le ka ho hlahisa theknoloji e bohlale ea Jeremane ea ho lemoha le ho hlopha, 'me e kopantsoe le ts'ebeliso ea limatlase tse kholo le ts'ebeliso ea khale ea theknoloji ea matla a khoheli, e ikemiselitse ho nts'etsapele indasteri ea lefats'e ea ts'ebetso le ho hlopha lirafshoa, ho fana ka tataiso ea mahlale, pontšo ea ts'ebeliso, koetliso ea basebetsi ba mokokotlo. le koetliso ea talenta ea mokokotlo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e boetse e fana ka sethala sa ts'ebeletso ea sechaba sa setsebi bakeng sa National Magnetism Strategic Alliance le Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Meepo ea Metallo.
Setsi sa Teko sa Huate Mineral Processing ke "Profinse ea Shandong Key Laboratory ea Magnetic Application Technology le Thepa", "Sino-German Key Laboratory ea Magnetism le Intelligent Mineral Processing Technology Research le Development", le "Public Service Platform ea National Magnetism Strategic Alliance", le setsi se akaretsa sebaka sa lisekoere-mithara tse 8,600 'me se na le bafuputsi ba liteko ba nako e tletseng le ba nakoana ba 120, bao ba 36 ba nang le litlotla tse phahameng kapa ka holimo.
Ka hare ho na le libaka tsa merafo tse pshatlang le ho sila, libaka tse omeletseng tsa karohano, libaka tse ncha tsa tlhahlobo ea matla, libaka tse bohlale tsa karohano, libaka tsa karohano tse bohlale tsa X-ray, libaka tsa karohano tse matla haholo, libaka tsa karohano tse metsi, libaka tse fapaneng tsa khetho e tsoelang pele, flotation le libaka tsa karohano ea matla a khoheli, libaka tsa tlhahlobo ea thepa, libaka tse ncha tsa tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa, le libaka tsa liteko tsa phofshoana. Re na le lisebelisoa tse fetang 300 tsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa melemo le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo. E na le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tse kang ho fehla motlakase oa photovoltaic, air conditioning e bohareng, ho tlosa lerōle la metsi, le phepelo ea metsi a potolohang, ke e 'ngoe ea lilaboratori tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse nang le lisebelisoa tse feletseng bakeng sa ho lokisa liminerale le ho arola Chaena.
Setsi sa liteko se na le likatleho tse ngata tsa ntlafatso ea thekenoloji ho thekenoloji ea ho lokisa liminerale, thekenoloji, moralo le lisebelisoa tse boemong bo ka sehloohong ba machaba. E na le phapanyetsano ea botekgeniki le tšebelisano-'moho le litsi tse tummeng tsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale lapeng le kantle ho naha, joalo ka Jeremane Aachen University of Technology, Australia Queensland University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 'me e na le tšebelisano-'moho le Northeastern University, Beijing University of Science and Technology, North China University. of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Jiangxi University of Technology Suzhou Zhongcai Nonmetallic Mining Industrial Design le Institute Research, Jinjian Engineering Design Co., Ltd., Yantai Gold Institute, Xingsheng Mining le Liunivesithi tse ling li kopanetse ho aha laboratori ea liteko le setsi sa lipatlisiso le boikoetliso ba univesithi ea indasteri. Ka liphuputso tsa mahlale le liteko tsa ho hlopha ka bohlale, theknoloji ea karohano ea matla a khoheli, karohano ea karohano ea motlakase e sa feleng le tekhenoloji ea ts'ebeliso ea botjha, re fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa mahlale le tse felletseng tsa tekheniki bakeng sa indasteri ea merafo, ho kenyeletsoa lits'ebetso tsa melemo, liteko le moralo. E khothalelitsoe le ho sebelisoa lihlopheng tse 'maloa tse tsebahalang tsa merafo ka hare ho naha le machabeng, ho rarolla mathata a mangata a bohlokoa a tekheniki indastering le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele e phetseng hantle ea merafo e tala le e bohlale.
Sebaka sa ho sila se pshatlehileng
Lisebelisoa tsa ho senya li kenyeletsa mohlahare oa mohlahare, mochine oa ho senya hamore, hamore crusher, disc mill, high pressure roller mill, joalo-joalo. Sepheo se seholo sa lisebelisoa tsa ho sila le ho sila ke ho senya le ho sila li-ores tse kholo ka boholo bo tšoanelehang.
Sebaka se arohaneng sa ts'ebetso e omileng
E na le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse omeletseng tse kang limakenete tsa motlakase le limmete tse sa feleng, karohano e sa feleng ea makenete e ommeng e kenyelletsa karohano e omileng ea CTF ore ore, CXJ cylindrical magnetic separator, CTDG bulk dry separator, FX powder ore wind dry dry separator, CFLJ matla a makenete a rolara karohano, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa karohano ea makenete, tse nang le matla a matla a khoheli ho tloha ho 800Gs ho isa ho 12000Gs. Haholo-holo e reretsoe ho roala le ho lahla mehatla ea liminerale tsa tšepe tse ntšo tse kang magnetite, oxidized iron ore, ilmenite le manganese ore tlas'a maemo a mahoashe a boholo ba likaroloana, ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ore e khethiloeng le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso tse kang lipalangoang, ho sila le ho thusa. . The powder ore wind dry magnetic separator e na le litšobotsi tsa lipalo tse ngata tsa makenete, angle e kholo ea ho phuthela, matla a phahameng a tšimo, matla a khoheli, sesebelisoa sa matla a moea, taolo ea lebelo la ho fetola maqhubu, joalo-joalo E loketse ho arola le ho hlaphoheloa ha magnetite e ntle le tšepe. slag dibakeng tse omeletseng le tse batang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e na le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho tlosa lerōle la metsi ho netefatsa tikoloho e hloekileng le e makhethe.
Sebaka se secha sa tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa tsa matla
Sehlahisoa sa tšepe se ommeng haholo sa "electromagnetic iron remover" se na le li-coil tse hlasimollang, lisebelisoa tsa ho laolla tšepe ka boits'oaro, likarolo tsa ho hlopha, li-racks, litsamaiso tse pholileng, liteishene tse fehlang thepa le likarolo tse ling. Haholo-holo e sebelisoa ho tlosa lintho tsa makenete ho tsoa linthong tse kang lisebelisoa tsa betri ea lithium, quartz e hloekileng haholo, carbon black, graphite, retardants ea lelakabe, lijo tse sa tloaelehang tsa ho bentša lefatše, li-pigments, joalo-joalo.
Litlhoko tsa bohloeki tsa lisebelisoa tsa betri tsa lithium li ntse li eketseha. Ho ipapisitsoe le theknoloji le boiphihlelo bo atlehileng mafapheng a amanang, k'hamphani ea rona e ntlafalitse lisebelisoa tsa mantlha mme e thehile letoto le lecha le ommeng la phofo ea vibration demagnetizer ho fihlela litlhoko tsa nnete tsa bareki..
Ho ipapisitsoe le thepa e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa, sebopeho se loketseng sa potoloho ea makenete se etselitsoe ho netefatsa matla a matla a khoheli ka phaposing ea ho hlopha. Ha e kopantsoe le mecha ea phatlalatso e nang le molamu, e nang le sekoti le mesh e loketseng lisebelisoa tse fapaneng, ha e ntlafatse feela bokhoni ba ho tlosa lisebelisoa tsa makenete, empa hape e ntlafatsa haholo katleho ea tlhahiso. Kamore ea ho hlopha matla a khoheli e telele, 'me matla a tšimo ea morao a phahame, a fihla ho 6000Gs. E na le phello e ntle ea ho tlosa tšepe 'me ke sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa ho tlosa tšepe le ho hloekisa lisebelisoa tsa betri tsa lithium le quartz e hloekileng.
Sebaka sa ho hlopha sensor e bohlale
E na le mochine oa machaba oa X-ray oa boemo ba pele, o haufi le infrared, le optoelectronic intelligent sensing and sorting system e kopantsoeng hammoho le Aachen University of Technology e Jeremane, e finyella ho ntšoa ha libopeho tsa bokaholimo le ka hare tsa tšepe ka lebelo le phahameng haholo. Ka ho kopanya theknoloji e teng le theknoloji ea Jeremane e tsoetseng pele ea indasteri ea 4.0, e rarolla bothata ba karohano e omileng ea pele le ho lahla litšila tsa tšepe le ho tlatsa lekhalo la lapeng. Sebaka sena sa liteko se na le mohala oa tlhahiso ea liteko oa ho hlopha liindasteri, o ka arolang li-ores ho tloha ho 1-300mm. Molao-motheo oa eona oa ho sebetsa ke hore li-ores tsohle li khetholloa ka bonngoe ha li feta ka har'a li-sensor, 'me lintlha tse khethiloeng li fetisetsoa tsamaisong ea tsamaiso ea k'homphieutha bakeng sa ho hlahloba le ho bapisa. Litaelo tsa tlhahlobo li fetisetsoa mochineng o latelang oa ts'ebetso, 'me liminerale tse molemo le majoe a litšila li aroloa ka mokhoa oa ho foka ho finyella mosebetsi oa ho khetha esale pele le ho lahla litšila. Bohlokoa ba ts'ebeliso ea indasteri ea mokhoa ona bo nkela sebaka sa khetho ea matsoho, bo fokotsa matla a mosebetsi, bo lahla litšila ka har'a ore, bo ntlafatsa boemo ba tšepe pele bo sila, ka tsela eo, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho sila, ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea mehatla e metle ka mor'a ho sila, ho fokotsa mehloli ea thepa ea tailings, le ho fokotsa ka katleho khatello ea tikoloho e tlisoang ke mehatla.
X-ray sebakeng sa ho hlopha ka bohlale
Mochini oa ho hlopha ka bohlale oa HTRX ke sesebelisoa sa ho hlopha se bohlale se nang le merero e mengata se ikemetseng se ntlafalitsoeng ke k'hamphani ea rona. E sebelisa mekhoa e bohlale ea ho lemoha ho theha mefuta e lumellanang ea tlhahlobo bakeng sa litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa liminerale. Ka tlhahlobo e kholo ea data, e tsebahatsa liminerale le gangue ka mokhoa oa digital, 'me qetellong e ntša lefu lena ka mokhoa o bohlale oa ho foka. Mochini oa ho hlopha ka bohlale oa HTRX o ka sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho rua molemo oa liminerale tse fokolang tsa makenete tse kang khauta, lefatše le sa tloaelehang, tungsten, joalo-joalo E ka boela ea sebelisoa bakeng sa ho arola mashala le gangue, hammoho le ho arola khalase le litšila. tšepe.
Superconducting magnetic karohano sebaka sa teko
Mocheso o tlase oa superconducting magnetic separator ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa karohano tsa makenete tse nang le matla a phahameng a lefats'e a matla a khoheli lipatlisisong tse kopaneng le nts'etsopele ea Huate le Setsi sa Mahlale sa China. Karohano ea khale ea matla a khoheli ea motlakase e phahameng e na le matla a matla a khoheli a 1.8 Tesla feela, 'me karohano e tlase ea mocheso o phahameng o ka fihla ho 8.0 Tesla. E 'nile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tlosa litšila le ho hloekisa liminerale tsa phofshoana e ntle e sa sebelisoang ka tšepe, lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa makenete, ho hlopha litšepe tse sa tloaelehang bakeng sa ho sebetsa, le liindasteri tse ling,' me e fihletse liphello tse ntle tsa liteko le lisebelisoa tsa indasteri.
Sebaka sa teko se arolang se metsi
Ho na le sebaka sa karohano ea makenete, sebaka sa karohano ea matla a khoheli, sebaka sa flotation, sebaka sa dehydration, le sebaka sa ho omisa. Mona, ho ka etsoa liteko tse nyane tsa mochini o le mong oa liminerale ho bona hore na ore e ka hlatsuoa hakae le ho hlahloba maemo a molemo.
Sehlahisoa sa Patent JCTN hloekiso le phokotso ea slag separator ea makenete e nka meaho e joalo ka lipalo tse ngata tsa makenete, sekhutlo se seholo sa ho phuthela, ho bilika ka morao, le metsi a hlatsuoang a mekhahlelo e mengata. E loketse ho hloekisoa, ho nyenyefatsa le ho tsepamisa mohopolo oa magnetite e ntle, e ka ntlafatsang boemo ba tšepe le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla a khoheli.
Thepa ea karohano ea makenete e sa feleng e kenyelletsa karohano ea cTB cylindrical magnetic separator, cTY pre grinding separator, SGT wet strong magnetic roller magnetic separator, sGB plate magnetic separator, JcTN refining le slag reduction magnetic separator, e nang le matla a khoheli ho tloha ho 600Gs ho isa ho 11000Gs. Haholo-holo ho shebisisa liminerale tse mahareng ho isa ho tse fokolang tse kang magnetite, vanadium titanium magnetite, pyrrhotite, hematite, limonite, manganese ore, ilmenite, chromite, garnet, biotite, tantalum niobium ore, tourmaline, joalo-joalo..
Sehlahisoa se emeng se otlolohileng se phahamisitsoeng se sebelisa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea ho futhumatsa oli-metsi, e nang le matla a matla a matla a khoheli, ho nyoloha ha mocheso oa mocheso o tlase oa mocheso, ho phahama ha molamu o phahameng oa makenete, le ho bola ho honyenyane ha mocheso oa matla a khoheli. E loketse ho rua molemo ka metsi a liminerale tsa tšepe tse fokolang tse kang oxidized iron ore, manganese ore, chromite le titanium iron e bophara ba -1.2mm, ho kenyelletsa le hematite e ntle, tšepe e sootho, siderite le tšepe e khethehileng. E ka boela ea sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tlosa tšepe le ho hloekisa liminerale tsa tšepe tse kang quartz, feldspar, kaolin, spodumene, fluorite bauxite, joalo-joalo..
Separator sa electromagnetic slurry high gradient magnetic separator se na le litšobotsi tse ikhethang tse kang moralo oa li-coil tsa motlakase, pholiso e kopantsoeng ea oli-metsi, mahareng a phahameng a khoheli, taolo ea lenaneo la othomathike, le matla a maholo a khoheli. E loketse ho tlosoa le ho hloekisa liminerale tse se nang tšepe kapa lisebelisoa tse kang quartz, feldspar, kaolin, joalo-joalo, 'me e sebelisetsoa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila ka limela tsa tšepe le limela tsa matla..
Sethala sa khetho ea mesebetsi e mengata
Sistimi e nang le mesebetsi e mengata ea tlhahiso ea liteko e kentsoe sethaleng se seholo sa sebopeho sa tšepe ho etsisa boemo ba ts'ebetso ea mohala oa tlhahiso ea indasteri oa polante ea melemo ea metsi. E ka etsa liteko tsa liindasteri tsa ho rua molemo ka liminerale ka ts'ebetso eohle ea ho sila, ho hlophisa, ho thusa, le ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng. Ka ho kopanya metjhini e fapaneng ea liteko ka tlhophiso ea bokahohle, e ka fihlela litlhoko tsa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa karohano ea liminerale. Etsa bonnete ba ho tšepahala le botsitso ba data ea liteko ka teko ena e hlophisitsoeng ho pholletsa le ts'ebetso eohle.
Sethala sa liindasteri se tsoelang pele se ruisa molemo se kenyelletsa ore e seng tšepe, tšepe e nang le ferrous metal, le non-ferrous metal ore continuation beficiation. Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha li kenyelletsa limilone tsa bolo, limilone tsa melamu, limill tsa tora, maholiotsoana, li-skrini tse thothomelang tse mahlakore a mararo, li-hoppers tse thellang, li-separators tsa cylindrical magnetic, li-separators tsa ho hloekisa le ho fokotsa slag, li-separators tsa matla a poleiti, selikalikoe se otlolohileng le li-electromagnetic slurry high gradient magnetic separators, li-separators, li-spiral chutes, li-screens tse thothomelang, li-filters tse tebileng tsa cone dense disc, le lisebelisoa tse ling tse hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa ho sila, lihlopha tse fokolang tsa matla a khoheli, karohano e matla ea khoheli, ho felloa ke metsi, mahloriso le khatello ea khatello, lintlha tse feletseng tsa tlhahlobo ea melemo li ka fana ka motheo oa saense le o utloahalang oa tekheniki. bakeng sa limela tsa beneficiation.
Karohano ea ho phaphamala le matla a khohelisebaka
Thepa ea karohano ea matla a khoheli e kenyelletsa shaker, centrifuge, cyclone, spiral chute, spiral concentrator, joalo-joalo E loketse ho aroloa ha liminerale tse boima tse kang tšepe ea tšepe ea titanium, rutile, chromium iron tungsten ore, le tlhoekiso ea liminerale tse sa sebetseng hantle. liminerale tsa tšepe joalo ka quartz le feldspar. Karohano ea Magnetic le karohano ea matla a khoheli e ka ntlafatsa ka nepo phello ea ho hlopha lihlahisoa.
Thepa ea flotation e kenyelletsa sele ea flotation e leketlileng ea XFD le mochini o tsoelang pele oa 24L oa flotation, o loketseng ho ruisa molemo oa tšepe e se nang tšepe e kang khauta, silevera, koporo, lead, zinki, tungsten, cobalt molybdenum, lefatše le sa tloaelehang le flotation e ka morao. ya diminerale tse kang quartz le iron ore ho tlosa ditshila.
Sebaka sa liteko bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea phofo
Sesebelisoa sa ho sila le ho hlopha ka mokhoa o ikhethileng bakeng sa phofo se na le litšobotsi tsa ts'ireletso e hananang le ho roala, moralo oa saense oa ho tlosa lerōle, tlhophiso e ntlafalitsoeng le phokotso ea tšebeliso, taolo ea othomathiki, boholo ba likaroloana tsa ho sila ka mokhoa o hlakileng, le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho arola moea. E loketse ho sila ha ultrafine le ho hlophisa liminerale tse seng tsa tšepe tse kang calcite, limestone, barite, gypsum, quartz, feldspar, mullite, illite, pyrophyllite, joalo-joalo E ka boela ea sebelisoa ho lokisa li-ultrafine powders tse kang samente le lisebelisoa tsa meriana..
Libaka tse ling tse tšehetsang
E na le libaka tsa ho amohela le ho boloka sampole ea ore, libaka tsa ponts'o tsa ore tse tsoang lefats'eng ka bophara, sethala sa ts'ebetso, jj..
Setsi sa liteko se fana ka tlhophiso le tlhoekiso ea litšepe tse fapa-fapaneng tse nang le tšepe, litšepe tse sa fereheng, lirafshoa tsa bohlokoa, le liminerale tseo e seng tsa tšepe bakeng sa likhoebo tsa merafo le litsi tsa lipatlisiso; Fana ka tataiso e ka khonehang ea tekheniki bakeng sa kaho ea mahlale a felletseng a tšebeliso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa bobeli tse joalo ka mehatla ea liindasteri, mehatla le litšila tsa tšepe ka har'a mekhoa e rarahaneng le e thata ea ho rua molemo le liteko tse ngata tsa ho thusa ore ea tšepe joalo ka matla a khoheli, matla a khoheli, phallo e kopaneng ea melemo le melemo e tsoelang pele ea indasteri..
Shandong Huate Magnet Technology Co., Ltd. e thehiloe ka 1993 (setoko khoutu: 831387). Khampani ke 'mampoli oa naha oa tlhahiso, khoebo e khethehileng ea naha, e hloekisitsoeng le e ncha, khoebo e ncha ea naha, khoebo ea theknoloji e phahameng ea naha, khoebo ea naha ea boithuto ba thepa, le khoebo e etellang pele Linqu. Magnetoelectronics Equipment Characteristic Industry Base. Hape ke yuniti ea molula-setulo ea National Magnetoelectronics le Low Temperature Superconductivity Application Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance Motlatsi oa Molula-setulo Unit ea China Heavy Machinery Industry Association. Re na le li-platform tsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele tse kang litsi tsa mosebetsi tsa naha tsa morao-rao tsa bongaka, litsi tsa mosebetsi tse felletseng tsa barutehi, lilaboratori tsa bohlokoa tsa provense bakeng sa theknoloji ea ts'ebeliso ea makenete le lisebelisoa, le litsi tsa mahlale tsa profinse tsa magnetoelectric engineering. Sebaka sena kaofela ke lisekoere-mithara tse 270000, se nang le motse-moholo o ngolisitsoeng oa li-yuan tse fetang limilione tse 110, Ka basebetsi ba fetang 800, ke e 'ngoe ea litsebi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa tlhahiso le metheo ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebeliso ea makenete Chaena. Re sebetsa ka ho khetheha tlhahisong ea lisebelisoa tsa litšoantšo tsa superconducting magnetic resonance, limakenete tse sa feleng, li-electromagnetic le mocheso o tlase oa li-superconducting separators, li-removers tsa tšepe le lisebelisoa tse felletseng tsa meepo. Sebaka sa litšebeletso tsa rona se kenyelletsa libeteri tsa lithium, lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa matla a photovoltaic, merafo, mashala, motlakase, metallurgy, litšepe tse se nang ferrous, le masimo a bongaka. Re fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa kontraka tse akaretsang tsa EPC+M&O bakeng sa mehala ea tlhahiso ea merafo, 'me lihlahisoa tsa rona li rekisetsoa linaha tse 30 ho kenyeletsoa Australia, Jeremane, Brazil, India le Afrika Boroa..
Shandong Hengbiao Inspection and Testing Co., Ltd. e na le kakaretso ea sebaka sa lisekoere-mithara tse fetang 1800 le thepa e tsitsitseng e fetang 600. Ho na le basebetsi ba 25 ba tlhahlobo le liteko ba nang le litlotla tsa maemo a holimo le litsebi tse 10 tsa laboratori. Ke k'hamphani e tsebahalang naheng eohle e fanang ka tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo ea litsebi, boeletsi ba theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling, lits'ebeletso tsa thuto le koetliso bakeng sa liindasteri tsa merafo le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse amanang le indasteri Litšebeletso tsa sechaba tse ka ikemelang ka boikarabello ba molao li sebetsa le ho fana ka lits'ebeletso ho latela cNAS-CL01: 2018 (Maemo a Kamohelo bakeng sa Lilaboratoriamo tsa Teko le ho Lekanya). E na le phaposi ea tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale, kamore ea tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa, kamore ea tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa le kamore ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea 'mele. Re na le lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse kholo tse fetang 200, ho kenyeletsoa Thermo Fisher X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, spectrometer ea ho monya atomic, spectrometer e tsoang ho plasma. , carbon sulfur analyzer, mochine oa ho hlahloba spectrometer ka ho toba, mochine oa ho hlahloba bokahohle, joalo-joalo.
Sebaka sa ho lemoha se kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea lik'hemik'hale tsa non-metallic (quartz, feldspar, kaolin, mica, fluorite, joalo-joalo) le tšepe (tšepe, manganese, chromium titanium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, lead, zinki, nickel, khauta, silevera. , liminerale tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše, joalo-joalo) liminerale, hammoho le tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea thepa le ea 'mele ea tšepe e sa hloekang, tšepe ea carbon, koporo, aluminium, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tšepe.
Nako ea poso: Sep-05-2023